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The Ancient Greeks have long been considered the forefathers of modern Western civilization, but the Golden Age of Athens and the spread of Greek influence across much of the known world only occurred due to one of the most crucial battles of antiquity: the Battle of Marathon. In 491 BC, following a successful invasion of Thrace over the Hellespont, the Persian emperor Darius sent envoys to the main Greek city-states, including Sparta and Athens, demanding tokens of earth and water as symbols of submission, but Darius didn't exactly get the reply he sought. According to Herodotus in his famous Histories, "Xerxes however had not sent to Athens or to Sparta heralds to demand the gift of earth, and for this reason, namely because at the former time when Dareios had sent for this very purpose, the one people threw the men who made the demand into the pit and the others into a well, and bade them take from thence earth and water and bear them to the king." Thus, in 490 BC, after the revolt in Ionia had been crushed, Darius sent his general Mardonius, at the head of a massive fleet and invading force, to destroy the meddlesome Greeks, starting with Athens. The Persian army, numbering anywhere between 30,000 and 300,000 men, landed on the plain at Marathon, a few dozen miles from Athens, where an Athenian army of 10,000 hoplite heavy infantry supported by 1,000 Plataeans prepared to contest their passage. The Athenians appealed to the Spartans for help, but the Spartans dithered; according to the Laws of Lycurgus, they were forbidden to march until the waxing moon was full. Accordingly, their army arrived too late. Thus, it fell upon the Athenians to shoulder the burden. With their army led by the great generals Miltiades and Themistocles, the Athenians charged the outnumbering Persians. Outmatched by the might of the heavy, bronze-armored Greek phalanx, the inferior Persian infantry was enveloped and destroyed, causing them to flee for their ships in panic. The Athenians had won a colossal victory against an overwhelming and seemingly invincible enemy. Somewhat ironically, the Battle of Marathon has been best commemorated by the race that bears its name, a tradition that started based on a legend that a Greek man named Pheidippides ran the 26.2 miles back to Athens in order to announce the Greek victory and subsequently collapsed and died as soon as he had done so. However, the importance of the battle itself cannot be overstated. The Battle of Marathon proved to be one of the biggest sources of enmity between the Greeks and Persians, and Darius' son Xerxes would seek to undo the results with his own invasion just years later. As it was, the rivalry between the Greeks and Persians would last for over 150 years and culminated with Alexander the Great's destruction of the Achaemenid Persian capital city of Persepolis. Marathon also positioned the city-state of Athens as a major power not only in Greece but throughout the Mediterranean and Near East, as their military, diplomatic, and economic influence grew after the battle. History of the Original Classic Marathon Athens Marathon The modern Classic Athens Marathon commemorates the run of the soldier Pheidippides from a battlefield at the site of the town of Marathon Greece to Athens in Battle of Marathon - Wikipedia The Battle of Marathon (Greek: Mach tou Marathnos) took place in 490 BC during the first Persian invasion of Greece Battle of Marathon Summary Britannicacom Battle of Marathon (September 490 bce) in the Greco-Persian Wars decisive battle fought on the Marathon plain of northeastern Attica in which the Athenians in a Battle of Marathon - 300 Rise of an Empire [Full HD 1080p Song name: 300: Rise of an Empire (OST) - Marathon The Hobbit - The Battle Of The Five Armies - Extended Edition - The Clouds Burst (Part 3) - Duration Battle of Marathon - Ancient History - HISTORYcom Find out more about the history of Battle of Marathon including videos interesting articles pictures historical features and more Get all the facts on HISTORYcom Marathon - Wikipedia The marathon is a long-distance running race with an official distance of 42195 kilometres (26219 miles or 26 miles 385 yards) usually run as a road race The Battle of Marathon 490 BC - EyeWitness to History The battle of Marathon is one of history's most famous military engagements It is also one of the earliest recorded battles Their victory over the Persian invaders Battle of Marathon - Simple English Wikipedia the free The Battle of Marathon took place in September 490 BC on the plain of Marathon It was fought between the Athenians and the Persians Athens was supported by a small Battle the Bear Half Marathon - Warriors Cycling Battle the Bear Saturday May 13 Lakewood CO - Bear Creek Lake Park Battle of Marathon: Greeks Versus the Persians HistoryNet On the morning of September 17 490 bc some 10000 Greeks stood assembled on the plain of Marathon preparing to fight to the last man Behind them lay everything
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